These consist of multiple electoral divisions, and are officially called "local electoral areas". The electoral districts for local authorities are often popularly called "wards". In the Republic of Ireland, urban Wards and rural District Electoral Divisions were renamed Electoral Divisions in 1994. In the United States, wards are usually subdivided into precincts for polling purposes. In Australia, Canada, Monaco, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, and they are an electoral district within a district or municipality, used in local government elections. It is common in the United States for wards to simply be numbered. Wards are usually named after neighbourhoods, thoroughfares, parishes, landmarks, geographical features and in some cases historical figures connected to the area. Rectangular shapes are very common (as in castra and quadrangular castles).Ī ward is a local authority area, typically used for electoral purposes. In general, wards could have any shape, including irregular or elongated ones, when the walls followed the contour lines of the terrain where the castle was sited. In the concentric castles of the military orders, such as Krak des Chevaliers or Belvoir, the inner ward resembled a cloistered monastery, while the outer ward was little more than a narrow passage between the concentric enceintes. Outer wards could also be largely defensive in function, without significant buildings. Lower or outer wards often held less important structures, such as stables, if there was not enough space in the inner ward. Nonetheless, there are a few castles where the keep is outside the inner ward, such as Château de Dourdan and Flint Castle. The most important and prestigious buildings, such as the great hall and the keep or bergfried, were usually located in the inner ward of the castle. On the other hand, Tower houses lack an enclosed ward. They can also be nested one inside the other, as in a concentric castle, giving an outer ward and inner ward. Wards can be arranged in sequence along a hill (as in a spur castle), giving an upper ward and lower ward. Upper, lower, inner and outer wards or baileys There are also significant differences in regional traditions of military architecture regarding the subdivision into wards. In addition to the gradual evolution of more complex castle plans,
Their layout depends both on the local topography and the level of fortification technology employed, ranging from simple enclosures to elaborate concentric defences.
In particular, an early type of European castle was known as a Motte-and-bailey. In fortifications, a bailey or ward refers to a courtyard enclosed by a curtain wall.
0 kommentar(er)
